期刊
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
卷 92, 期 -, 页码 95-101出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.09.005
关键词
Temperature; Global warming; Coelomocytes; Immune function; Phagocytosis; Tropical sea urchins; Effects physiology; Biomarker; Lytechinus variegatus; Echinometra lucunter
资金
- CEBIMar-USP [2011/06044-4, 2011/15612-6]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
- CAPES
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [11/15612-6] Funding Source: FAPESP
Ocean temperatures are rising throughout the world, making it necessary to evaluate the impact of these temperature changes on sea urchins, which are well-known bioindicators. This study evaluated the effect of an increase in temperature on the immune response of the subtidal Lytechinus variegatus and the intertidal Echinometra lucunter sea urchins. Both species were exposed to 20 (control), 25 and 30 degrees C temperatures for 24 h, 2, 7 and 14 days. Counting of coelomocytes and assays on the phagocytic response, adhesion and spreading of coelomocytes were performed. Red and colorless sphere cells were considered biomarkers for heat stress. Moreover, a significant decrease in the phagocytic indices and a decrease in both cell adhesion and cell spreading were observed at 25 and 30 degrees C for L variegatus. For E. lucunter, the only alteration observed was for the cell proportions. This report shows how different species of sea urchins respond immunologically to rising temperatures. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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