期刊
MAMMALIAN GENOME
卷 24, 期 11-12, 页码 484-499出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00335-013-9480-0
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation (US) [0910272, 1257716]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Korea government (MSIP) [2011-0030770]
- Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program [PJ008019, PJ008068]
- Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
- NSF CAREER [DBI-0953738]
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1021397, 1257716] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [0953738] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1257716, 1021397] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The diversity of dog breeds make the domestic dog a valuable model for identifying genes responsible for many phenotypic and behavioral traits. The brain, in particular, is a region of interest for the analysis of molecular changes that are involved in dog-specific behavioral phenotypes. However, such studies are handicapped due to incomplete annotation of the dog genome. We present a high-coverage transcriptome of the dog brain using RNA-Seq. Two areas of the brain, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, were selected for their roles in cognition, emotion, and neuroendocrine functions. We detected many novel features of the dog transcriptome, including 13,799 novel exons, 51,357 exons with unique 50 or 30 modifications, and many novel alternative splicing events. We provide some examples of novel features in genes that are related to domestication, including ADCY8, SMOC2, and PRNP. We also found 247 novel protein-coding genes and 328 noncoding RNAs, including 57 long noncoding RNAs that represent the first empirical evidence for a large fraction of noncoding RNAs in the dog. In addition, we analyze both gene expression and alternative splicing differences between the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex and find that there is very little overlap between genes that are differentially alternatively spliced and genes that are differentially expressed. We thereby suggest that researchers who want to pinpoint the genetic causes for dog breed-specific traits and diseases should not confine their studies to gene expression alone, but should consider other factors such as alternative splicing and changes in untranslated regions.
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