Precision Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) from Catalyst-Transfer Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Polymerization

Bu-t(3) PPd(Ph)Br (1)-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling polymerization of 2-(4-hexyl-5-iodo-2-thienyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2) was investigated. Monomer 2 was polymerized with 1 at 0 degrees C in the presence of CsF and 18-crown-6 in THF containing a small amount of water to yield P3HT with a narrow molecular weight distribution and almost perfect head-to-tail regioregularity. The (M) over bar (n) values increased up to 11 400 g.mol(-1) in proportion to the feed ratio of 2 to 1. The MALDI-TOF mass spectra showed that P3HT with moderate molecular weight uniformly had a phenyl group at one end and a hydrogen atom at the other, indicating involvement of a catalyst-transfer mechanism. Successive 1-catalyzed polymerization of fluorene monomer 3 and then 2 yielded a well-defined block copolymer of polyfluorene and P3HT.