期刊
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
卷 7, 期 5, 页码 663-697出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201200052
关键词
Upconversion; quantum yield; photodynamic therapy; pulsed excitation
资金
- Linneaus grant for Lund Laser Centre, the Swedish Research Council [621-2011-4265]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [60978063]
- Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province [2010R50007]
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program [201001D0104799318]
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a class of recently developed luminescent biomarkers that - in several aspects - are superior to organic dyes and quantum dots. UCNPs can emit spectrally narrow anti-Stokes shifted light with quantum yields which greatly exceed those of two-photon dyes for fluence rates relevant for deep tissue imaging. Compared with conventionally used Stokes-shifting fluorophores, UCNP-based imaging systems can acquire completely autofluorescence-free data with superb contrast. For diffuse optical imaging, the multiphoton process involved in the upconversion process can be used to obtain images with unprecedented resolution. These unique properties make UCNPs extremely attractive in the field of biophotonics. UCNPs have already been applied in microscopy, small-animal imaging, multi-modal imaging, highly sensitive bioassays, temperature sensing and photodynamic therapy. In this review, the current state-of-the-art UCNPs and their applications for diffuse imaging, microscopy and sensing targeted towards solving essential biological issues are discussed.
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