期刊
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
卷 122, 期 -, 页码 16-28出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.004
关键词
Microclimate; Urban form; Urban design; ENVI-met modeling; Local Climate Zones
类别
资金
- National Science Foundation [SES-0951366]
- National Science Foundation, Decision Center for a Desert City II: Urban Climate Adaptation [BCS-1026865]
- National Science Foundation, Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research, CAP-LTER [1031690]
- National Science Foundation, CMMI
- German Science Foundation (DFG), International Graduate School at University of Kaiserslautern, Germany [IRTG 1131]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1031690, 1231840] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1026865] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [0951366] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This study investigates the impact of urban form and landscaping type on the mid-afternoon microclimate in semi-arid Phoenix, Arizona. The goal is to find effective urban form and design strategies to ameliorate temperatures during the summer months. We simulated near-ground air temperatures for typical residential neighborhoods in Phoenix using the three-dimensional microclimate model ENVI-met. The model was validated using weather observations from the North Desert Village (NDV) landscape experiment, located on the Arizona State University's Polytechnic campus. The NDV is an ideal site to determine the model's input parameters, since it is a controlled environment recreating three prevailing residential landscape types in the Phoenix metropolitan area (mesic, oasis, and xeric). After validation, we designed five neighborhoods with different urban forms that represent a realistic cross-section of typical residential neighborhoods in Phoenix. The scenarios follow the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification scheme after Stewart and Oke. We then combined the neighborhoods with three landscape designs and, using ENVI-met, simulated microclimate conditions for these neighborhoods for a typical summer day. Results were analyzed in terms of mid-afternoon air temperature distribution and variation, ventilation, surface temperatures, and shading. Findings show that advection is important for the distribution of within-design temperatures and that spatial differences in cooling are strongly related to solar radiation and local shading patterns. In mid-afternoon, dense urban forms can create local cool islands. Our approach suggests that the LCZ concept is useful for planning and design purposes. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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