期刊
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
卷 46, 期 1, 页码 177-188出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291715001646
关键词
Cannabis; memory; meta-analyses; psychosis; Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
资金
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), UK [NIHR CS-11-001]
- UK Medical Research Council [MR/J012149/1]
- NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
- Medical Research Council [G0600972, MR/J012149/1, G0700995, MR/K013807/1, G1100583] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [RP-PG-0606-1049, NIHR-CS-011-001, NF-SI-0512-10110] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G1100583, G0600972, G0700995, MR/J012149/1, MR/K013807/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Background.Effect of cannabis use on memory function is a contentious issue, with effects being different in healthy individuals and patients with psychosis.Method.Employing a meta-analytic approach we investigated the effects of cannabis use on memory function in patients with psychosis and healthy individuals, and the effect of diagnosis, memory dimension and moderating factors. A total of 88 studies were identified through a systematic literature search, investigating healthy (n = 7697) and psychotic (n = 3261) individuals. Standardized mean differences between the cannabis user and non-user groups on memory tasks were estimated using random-effects models and the effect-size statistic Cohen's d. Effects of potential moderating factors were tested using mixed-effects models and subgroup analyses.Results.We found that cannabis use was associated with significantly (p 0.05) impaired global (d = 0.27) and prospective memory (d = 0.61), verbal immediate (d = 0.40) and delayed (d = 0.36) recall as well as visual recognition (d = 0.41) in healthy individuals, but a better global memory (d = -0.11), visual immediate recall (d = -0.73) and recognition (d = -0.42) in patients. Lower depression scores and younger age appeared to attenuate the effects of cannabis on memory. Cannabis-using patients had lower levels of depression and were younger compared with non-using patients, whilst healthy cannabis-users had higher depression scores than age-matched non-users. Longer duration of abstinence from cannabis reduced the effects on memory in healthy and patient users.Conclusions.These results suggest that cannabis use is associated with a significant domain-specific impairment in memory in healthy individuals but not in cannabis-using patients, suggesting that they may represent a less developmentally impaired subgroup of psychotic patients.
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