Evaluation of electric fencing to inhibit feral pig movements

Natural resource managers and agricultural producers are seeking innovative tools to minimize damages caused by rapidly expanding feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations. One tool that has received little scientific inquiry is the use of exclusion fences to protect economically and ecologically sensitive areas. Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of electric fencing to minimize feral pig movements in a captive setting as well as in rangeland and agriculture land. In captivity, we tested a 1-, 2-, and 3-strand electric fence. In our captive trial, we found 65% fewer intrusions (F-2,F-18 = 20.46, P < 0.001) for electric fences (<(x)over bar>= 12.4, SE = 2.8) compared with nonelectric fences ((x) over bar = 35.6, SE = 6.9). We found no difference (F-2,F-9 = 1.85, P = 0.212) for 1-strand ((x) over bar = 28.1, SE = 7.8), 2-strand ((x) over bar = 14.2, SE = 3.2), and 3-strand ((x) over bar = 16.9, SE = 4.3) electric fences. However, we found 50% and 40% fewer crossings for the 2- and 3-strand fences, respectively, compared with the 1-strand fence. In our rangeland trial, we found 49% fewer intrusions (F-2,F-18 =4.39, P= 0.028) into bait stations with a 2-strand electric fence ((x) over bar =4.1, SE = 1.8) compared with no fence ((x) over bar= 8.1, SE = 2.4). Finally, in our agriculture trial, we found 64% less damage (chi(2)(2) = 5.77, P= 0.016) to sorghum crops with a 2-strand electric fence ((x) over bar = 4.48, SE = 0.01%) compared with no electric fence ((x) over bar = 12.46, SE = 0.03%). Furthermore we found no (chi(2)(1) = 3.72, P=0.054) wildlife pathways in areas with an electric fence ((x) over bar= 0.0, SE=0.0) compared with no fence ((x) over bar =2.4, SE = 1.3). No electric fence design we tested was 100% pig-proof However, we found electric fencing restricted feral pig movements. Combining electric fencing with other damage control methods in an integrated management program may be the best method for alleviating feral pig damages.