期刊
PROTEIN SCIENCE
卷 24, 期 9, 页码 1412-1422出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pro.2721
关键词
ancestral protein reconstruction; protein engineering; biosensor; fluorescence; neurobiology; Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET); nitric oxide
资金
- Human Frontiers Science Program Young Investigator Award [RGY0084/2012]
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD-Go8)
- NRW-Ruckkehrerprogramm [SFB1089 B03, SPP1757 HE6949/1-1]
Biosensors for signaling molecules allow the study of physiological processes by bringing together the fields of protein engineering, fluorescence imaging, and cell biology. Construction of genetically encoded biosensors generally relies on the availability of a binding core that is both specific and stable, which can then be combined with fluorescent molecules to create a sensor. However, binding proteins with the desired properties are often not available in nature and substantial improvement to sensors can be required, particularly with regard to their durability. Ancestral protein reconstruction is a powerful protein-engineering tool able to generate highly stable and functional proteins. In this work, we sought to establish the utility of ancestral protein reconstruction to biosensor development, beginning with the construction of an l-arginine biosensor. l-arginine, as the immediate precursor to nitric oxide, is an important molecule in many physiological contexts including brain function. Using a combination of ancestral reconstruction and circular permutation, we constructed a Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for l-arginine (cpFLIPR). cpFLIPR displays high sensitivity and specificity, with a K-d of approximate to 14 mu M and a maximal dynamic range of 35%. Importantly, cpFLIPR was highly robust, enabling accurate l-arginine measurement at physiological temperatures. We established that cpFLIPR is compatible with two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and report l-arginine concentrations in brain tissue.
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