Identifying Sites Bound by Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) in the Human Genome: Defining a Position-Weighted Matrix To Predict Sites Bound by EBNA1 in Viral Genomes

We identified binding sites for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) in the human genome using chromatin immunoprecipitation and microarrays. The sequences for these newly identified sites were used to generate a position-weighted matrix (PWM) for EBNA1's DNA-binding sites. This PWM helped identify additional DNA-binding sites for EBNA1 in the genomes of EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and cercopithecine herpesvirus 15 (CeHV-15) (also called herpesvirus papio 15). In particular, a homologue of the Rep* locus in EBV was predicted in the genome of CeHV-15, which is notable because Rep* of EBV was not predicted by the previously developed consensus sequence for EBNA1's binding DNA. The Rep* of CeHV-15 functions as an origin of DNA synthesis in the EBV-positive cell line Raji; this finding thus builds on a set of DNA-binding sites for EBNA1 predicted in silico.