Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin in goats following single intravenous administration

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum (n = 6) and urine (n = 4) in goats following a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentration-time curves of cipronoxacin were best fitted by a two-compartment open model. The drug was detected in goat serum up to 12 h. The elimination rate constant (P) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta) were 0.446 +/- 0.04 h(-1) and 1.630 +/- 0.17 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) was 2.012 +/- 0.37 1/kg and the total body clearance (CIB) was 16.27 +/- 1.87 ml/min/kg. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 29.70% +/- 10.34% of the administered dose within 36 h post administration. In vitro serum protein binding was 41% +/- 13.10%. Thus, a single daily intravenous dose of 4 mg/kg is sufficient to maintain effective levels in serum and for 36 h in urine, allowing treatment of systemic, Gram-negative bacterial infections and urinary tract infections by most pathogens.