Acute and chronic radiation injury

Introduction: Although all areas of the body are susceptible to radiation injury, different tissues have varying tolerances for radiation exposure. The goal of this summary is to introduce basic concepts of radiation biology and discuss the effects of radiation on various tissues. Methods: Reference texts and literature were reviewed to summarize key points in radiation biology and the direct and indirect cell damage caused by radiation. Results: The most prevalent factor for injury is long exposure time, which can be an issue in lengthy peripheral vascular or aortic interventions. Several key maneuvers can help decrease exposure for both the patient and the physician. Conclusion: Radiation induces tissue injury at the cellular level. The use of good fluoroscopic technique is imperative for physician and patient protection. (J Vasc Surg 2011;53:15S-21S.)