期刊
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR RESEARCH
卷 50, 期 1, 页码 1-10出版社
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000342436
关键词
Transforming growth factor-beta; Thoracic aneurysm; Glycosaminoglycan; Proteoglycan; Stress concentration; Wall strength
资金
- NIH [HL107768]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R21HL107768] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Background: Four distinguishing histopathological characteristics of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs) are the fragmentation or degradation of elastic fibers, loss of smooth muscle, pooling of glycosaminoglycans, and remodeling of fibrillar collagens. Of these, pooling of glycosaminoglycans appears to be unique to these lesions. Methods: This review acknowledges the importance of dysregulated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in TAADs and offers a complementary hypothesis that increased TGF-beta could contribute to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the media of the proximal thoracic aorta. Regardless, observed pools of glycosaminoglycans could decrease tensile strength, cause stress concentrations, and increase intralamellar swelling pressure, all of which could initiate local delaminations that could subsequently propagate as dissections and result in a false lumen or rupture. Conclusions: There is a pressing need to investigate potential mechanical as well as biological consequences of accumulated glycosaminoglycans in TAADs and to elucidate responsible signaling pathways, with particular attention to synthetic cells of nonmesodermal lineage. Such research could provide insight into the mechanisms of dissection and the seemingly paradoxical role of the over-expression of a cytokine that is typically associated with fibrosis but is implicated in a degenerative disease of the aorta that can result in a catastrophic mechanical failure. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
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