期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 35, 页码 10995-11000出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508074112
关键词
metastasis; melanoma; genetics
资金
- Well Aging Research Center
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology under Professor Sang Chul Park
- Dermatology Foundation
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute [K08 CA169865]
- Integrative Cancer Biology Program [U54 CA112970]
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council
Melanoma is difficult to treat once it becomes metastatic. However, the precise ancestral relationship between primary tumors and their metastases is not well understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing of primary melanomas and multiple matched metastases from eight patients to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships. In six of eight patients, we found that genetically distinct cell populations in the primary tumor metastasized in parallel to different anatomic sites, rather than sequentially from one site to the next. In five of these six patients, the metastasizing cells had themselves arisen from a common parental subpopulation in the primary, indicating that the ability to establish metastases is a late-evolving trait. Interestingly, we discovered that individual metastases were sometimes founded by multiple cell populations of the primary that were genetically distinct. Such establishment of metastases by multiple tumor subpopulations could help explain why identical resistance variants are identified in different sites after initial response to systemic therapy. One primary tumor harbored two subclones with different oncogenic mutations in CTNNB1, which were both propagated to the same metastasis, raising the possibility that activation of wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (WNT) signaling may be involved, as has been suggested by experimental models.
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