期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 42, 页码 12938-12943出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509942112
关键词
plant biomechanics; root morphology; root waving; root coiling; pattern formation
资金
- Cornell's Engineering Learning Initiative
- National Science Foundation
- National Science Foundation [IOS-1127155, IOS-1353367, DMR-1056662]
- US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-89ER-45405]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1127155] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1056662] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1353367] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Experimental studies show that plant root morphologies can vary widely from straight gravity-aligned primary roots to fractal-like root architectures. However, the opaqueness of soil makes it difficult to observe how environmental factors modulate these patterns. Here, we combine a transparent hydrogel growth medium with a custom built 3D laser scanner to directly image the morphology of Medicago truncatula primary roots. In our experiments, root growth is obstructed by an inclined plane in the growth medium. As the tilt of this rigid barrier is varied, we find Medicago transitions between randomly directed root coiling, sinusoidal root waving, and normal gravity-aligned morphologies. Although these root phenotypes appear morphologically distinct, our analysis demonstrates the divisions are less well defined, and instead, can be viewed as a 2D biased random walk that seeks the path of steepest decent along the inclined plane. Features of this growth response are remarkably similar to the widely known run-and-tumble chemotactic behavior of Escherichia coli bacteria, where biased random walks are used as optimal strategies for nutrient uptake.
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