期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 37, 页码 11524-11529出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514828112
关键词
human evolution; bauplan; postcranial anatomy; Sierra de Atapuerca; phylogeny
资金
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [CGL2012-38434-C03-01/02/03]
- Junta de Castilla y Leon [BU005A09]
- Direccio General de Recerca [2014 SGR-899]
- European Social Fund
- SYNTHESYS - European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 integrating Activities Programme
- Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowships
- research group IT834-13 (Eusko Jaurlaritza/Gobierno Vasco)
- Ramon y Cajal Program [RyC-2010-06152]
- Fundacion Atapuerca
- Binghamton University (SUNY)
- American Museum of Natural History
- Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid [S2010/BMD-2330]
- Consejeria de Educacion de la Junta de Castilla y Leon
- European Social Fund [CPIN. 03-461AA-692.01]
Current knowledge of the evolution of the postcranial skeleton in the genus Homo is hampered by a geographically and chronologically scattered fossil record. Here we present a complete characterization of the postcranium of the middle Pleistocene paleodeme from the Sima de los Huesos (SH) and its paleobiological implications. The SH hominins show the following: (i) wide bodies, a plesiomorphic character in the genus Homo inherited from their early hominin ancestors; (ii) statures that can be found in modern human middle-latitude populations that first appeared 1.6-1.5 Mya; and (iii) large femoral heads in some individuals, a trait that first appeared during the middle Pleistocene in Africa and Europe. The intrapopulational size variation in SH shows that the level of dimorphism was similar to modern humans (MH), but the SH hominins were less encephalized than Neandertals. SH shares many postcranial anatomical features with Neandertals. Although most of these features appear to be either plesiomorphic retentions or are of uncertain phylogenetic polarity, a few represent Neandertal apomorphies. Nevertheless, the full suite of Neandertal-derived features is not yet present in the SH population. The postcranial evidence is consistent with the hypothesis based on the cranial morphology that the SH hominins are a sister group to the later Neandertals. Comparison of the SH postcranial skeleton to other hominins suggests that the evolution of the postcranium occurred in a mosaic mode, both at a general and at a detailed level.
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