期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 17, 页码 E2166-E2173出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504948112
关键词
biofilms; extracellular polymeric substance; depletion interaction; mechanical interaction; phase separation
资金
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics Grant [PHY-1427654]
- National Science Foundation Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Division Grant [MCB-1241332]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [1427654] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1308264] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1241332] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) by growing bacteria is an integral part of forming biofilm-like structures. In such dense systems, mechanical interactions among the structural components can be expected to significantly contribute to morphological properties. Here, we use a particle-based modeling approach to study the self-organization of nonmotile rod-shaped bacterial cells growing on a solid substrate in the presence of self-produced EPSs. In our simulation, all of the components interact mechanically via repulsive forces, occurring as the bacterial cells grow and divide (via consuming diffusing nutrient) and produce EPSs. Based on our simulation, we show that mechanical interactions control the collective behavior of the system. In particular, we find that the presence of nonadsorbing EPSs can lead to spontaneous aggregation of bacterial cells by a depletion attraction and thereby generates phase separated patterns in the nonequilibrium growing colony. Both repulsive interactions between cell and EPSs and the overall concentration of EPSs are important factors in the self-organization in a nonequilibrium growing colony. Furthermore, we investigate the interplay of mechanics with the nutrient diffusion and consumption by bacterial cells and observe that suppression of branch formation occurs due to EPSs compared with the case where no EPS is produced.
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