期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 33, 页码 10509-10514出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506486112
关键词
thyroid hormone; glia; lipid droplet; Mfge8
资金
- Glaucoma Research Foundation
- National Center for Research Resources [5P41RR004050]
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Human Brain Project Grant [DA016602]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [5R01GM82949, 5P41GM103412]
- [R01 EY019960]
Oligodendrocytes can adapt to increases in axon diameter through the addition of membrane wraps to myelin segments. Here, we report that myelin segments can also decrease their length in response to optic nerve (ON) shortening during Xenopus laevis metamorphic remodeling. EM-based analyses revealed that myelin segment shortening is accomplished by focal myelin-axon detachments and protrusions from otherwise intact myelin segments. Astrocyte processes remove these focal myelin dystrophies using known phagocytic machinery, including the opsonin milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (Mfge8) and the downstream effector ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). By the end of metamorphic nerve shortening, one-quarter of all myelin in the ON is enwrapped or internalized by astrocytes. As opposed to the removal of degenerating myelin by macrophages, which is usually associated with axonal pathologies, astrocytes selectively remove large amounts of myelin without damaging axons during this developmental remodeling event.
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