Early Complications of Cystectomy After High Dose Pelvic Radiation

Purpose: Radical cystectomy in patients with a history of pelvic radiation therapy is often a challenging and morbid procedure. We report early complication rates in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion after high dose pelvic radiation. Materials and Methods: From 1983 to 2008, 2,629 patients underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at a single institution. Of these patients 148 received 60 Gy or greater pelvic radiation therapy before surgery. Patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed and any complication within 90 days of surgery was graded using the Clavien-Dindo system. Results: Median patient age was 74 years with a median American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3. Patients received a median of 70 Gy pelvic radiation therapy a median of 2.3 years before surgery. Urinary diversions performed were ileal conduit in 65 patients (43.9%), continent cutaneous pouch in 35 (23.6%) and orthotopic neobladder in 48 (32.4%). A total of 335 early complications were identified. The highest grade complication was 0 in 23% of the patients, grade 1 in 12.2%, grade 2 in 32.4%, grade 3 in 18.9%, grade 4 in 7.4% and grade 5 in 6.1%. Age older than 65 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists score were statistically significant predictors of postoperative complications (p = 0.0264 and p = 0.0252, respectively). The type of urinary diversion did not significantly affect the grade distribution or number of early complications per patient (p = 0.7444 and p = 0.1807, respectively). Conclusions: The early complication rate using a standardized reporting system in patients undergoing radical cystectomy after radiation therapy is higher than previously published in nonirradiated subjects. Age and American Society of Anesthesiologists score but not urinary diversion type were associated with early complications in this population.