Electric discharge machining - A potential choice for surface modification of metallic implants for orthopedic applications: A review

Among the various metallic implant materials, titanium (Ti) alloy is the best choice for the long-term hard body tissue replacements such as hip and knee joints. It has excellent mechanical, superior biological and strong anticorrosion properties. Besides the appropriate implant material, its surface topology also plays a very important role in the success of any surgery. The surface topology is supposed to be the key factor for the promotion of osseointegration. This research article focuses its attention mainly on surface modification of Ti-based alloys by electric discharge machining process. Electric discharge machining is one of the most popular nonconventional manufacturing methods. Besides machining and surface modification of implants, it finds applications in almost all areas of manufacturing industries. This article reviews the various research work done on surface modification of Ti alloy by electric discharge machining and attempts to bring out the current scenario along with future directions. The area under focus for this research review is orthopedics applications. Furthermore, a new promising advancement in the area of enhancement of electric discharge machining performance for surface modification, particularly with regard to biocompatibility and surface quality of biomaterials, has also been introduced.