On the air cleansing efficiency of an extended green wall: A CFD analysis of mechanistic details of transport processes

The detrimental impact of rising air pollution levels in urban landscapes has become conspicuous over the last decade, particularly in developing countries. This novel numerical study quantifies the cleansing efficiency of green facades draped with a copiously growing tropical creeper Vernonia elaeagnifolia. Turbulent transport of SO2 to the leaf boundary layer and subsequent diffusion across stomatal pores into the mesophyllic cells is modeled at the micro level, including its ionic dissociation in the leaf's interior. A SEM analysis indicates stomatal dimensions and density. Whilst previous studies have used either spatially averaged equations or resistance models, a spatially discretized computational approach is adopted in this study. The resulting concentration distribution is used to calculate the deposition velocity on stomatal pores, which is then extrapolated over the entire facade to yield bulk pollutant removal rates. A deposition velocity of 1.53 mm s(-1) and 0.72 mm s(-1) is obtained for open and closed pores respectively, with removal rates equal to 1.11 x 10(-6) s(-1) and 1.05 x 10(-6) s(-1) for dry and humid weather respectively. Sensitivity studies on the removal rate are carried out based on humidity, stomatal aperture and leaf temperature. The removal rate dependence on the Leaf Area Index (LAI) is also investigated. It is inferred from simulations that vegetated facades are efficient at mitigation of residual pollution. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.