期刊
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
卷 328, 期 -, 页码 89-98出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.02.003
关键词
Prey similarity; Functional response; Frequency-dependent selection; Adaptive foraging; Search image
资金
- Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I004548/1]
- ERASysBio+ initiative under the EU ERA-NET Plus scheme
- Marine Research Sub- Programme of the Irish National Development Plan
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [289257]
- UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [MF1228]
- European Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE
- European Community's Sixth Framework Programme
- European Science Foundation
- Austrian Science Fund
- Austrian Ministry of Science and Research
- Vienna Science and Technology Fund
- BBSRC [BB/I004548/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I004548/1] Funding Source: researchfish
We develop a theory for the food intake of a predator that can switch between multiple prey species. The theory addresses empirical observations of prey switching and is based on the behavioural assumption that a predator tends to continue feeding on prey that are similar to the prey it has consumed last, in terms of, e.g., their morphology, defences, location, habitat choice, or behaviour. From a predator's dietary history and the assumed similarity relationship among prey species, we derive a general closed-form multi-species functional response for describing predators switching between multiple prey species. Our theory includes the Holling type II functional response as a special case and makes consistent predictions when populations of equivalent prey are aggregated or split. An analysis of the derived functional response enables us to highlight the following five main findings. (1) Prey switching leads to an approximate power-law relationship between ratios of prey abundance and prey intake, consistent with experimental data. (2) In agreement with empirical observations, the theory predicts an upper limit of 2 for the exponent of such power laws. (3) Our theory predicts deviations from power-law switching at very low and very high prey-abundance ratios. (4) The theory can predict the diet composition of a predator feeding on multiple prey species from diet observations for predators feeding only on pairs of prey species. (5) Predators foraging on more prey species will show less pronounced prey switching than predators foraging on fewer prey species, thus providing a natural explanation for the known difficulties of observing prey switching in the field. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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