期刊
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
卷 10, 期 85, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0237
关键词
insect flight; flapping flight; stability; control; fruit fly; flight dynamics
资金
- Division Of Mathematical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1006272] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Flying insects have evolved sophisticated sensory-motor systems, and here we argue that such systems are used to keep upright against intrinsic flight instabilities. We describe a theory that predicts the instability growth rate in body pitch from flapping-wing aerodynamics and reveals two ways of achieving balanced flight: active control with sufficiently rapid reactions and passive stabilization with high body drag. By glueing magnets to fruit flies and perturbing their flight using magnetic impulses, we show that these insects employ active control that is indeed fast relative to the instability. Moreover, we find that fruit flies with their control sensors disabled can keep upright if high-drag fibres are also attached to their bodies, an observation consistent with our prediction for the passive stability condition. Finally, we extend this framework to unify the control strategies used by hovering animals and also furnish criteria for achieving pitch stability in flapping-wing robots.
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