期刊
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
卷 5, 期 27, 页码 1159-1172出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0018
关键词
functional equivalence class; information control; information selection; operation; sign; top-down causation
It has been claimed that different types of causes must be considered in biological systems, including top-down as well as same-level and bottom-up causation, thus enabling the top levels to be causally efficacious in their own right. To clarify this issue, the important distinctions between information and signs are introduced here and the concepts of information control and functional equivalence classes in those systems are rigorously defined and used to characterize when top-down causation by feedback control happens, in a way that is testable. The causally significant elements we consider are equivalence classes of lower level processes, realized in biological systems through different operations having the same outcome within the context of information control and networks.
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