4.4 Article

A FIRE-ACE/SHEBA Case Study of Mixed-Phase Arctic Boundary Layer Clouds: Entrainment Rate Limitations on Rapid Primary Ice Nucleation Processes

期刊

JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
卷 69, 期 1, 页码 365-389

出版社

AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-052.1

关键词

-

资金

  1. Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
  2. DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AI02-06ER64173, DE-AI02-08ER64547]
  3. NASA
  4. NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
  5. National Science Foundation
  6. NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory
  7. Naval Postgraduate School

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Observations of long-lived mixed-phase Arctic boundary layer clouds on 7 May 1998 during the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE)-Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE)/Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) campaign provide a unique opportunity to test understanding of cloud ice formation. Under the microphysically simple conditions observed (apparently negligible ice aggregation, sublimation, and multiplication), the only expected source of new ice crystals is activation of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) and the only sink is sedimentation. Large-eddy simulations with size-resolved microphysics are initialized with IN number concentration N-IN measured above cloud top, but details of IN activation behavior are unknown. If activated rapidly (in deposition, condensation, or immersion modes), as commonly assumed, IN are depleted from the well-mixed boundary layer within minutes. Quasi-equilibrium ice number concentration N-i is then limited to a small fraction of overlying N-IN that is determined by the cloud-top entrainment rate w(e) divided by the number-weighted ice fall speed at the surface upsilon(f). Because w(c) < 1 cm s(-1) and upsilon f > 10 cm s(-1), N-i/N-IN << 1. Such conditions may be common for this cloud type, which has implications for modeling IN diagnostically, interpreting measurements, and quantifying sensitivity to increasing N-IN (when w(e)/upsilon(f) < 1, entrainment rate limitations serve to buffer cloud system response). To reproduce observed ice crystal size distributions and cloud radar reflectivities with rapidly consumed IN in this case, the measured above-cloud N-IN must be multiplied by approximately 30. However, results are sensitive to assumed ice crystal properties not constrained by measurements. In addition, simulations do not reproduce the pronounced mesoscale heterogeneity in radar reflectivity that is observed.

作者

我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。

评论

主要评分

4.4
评分不足

次要评分

新颖性
-
重要性
-
科学严谨性
-
评价这篇论文

推荐

暂无数据
暂无数据