Evaluation of Atrioventricular Septal Defects by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Benefits of Navigating the Third Dimension

Atrioventricular septal defects comprise a disease spectrum characterized by deficient atrioventricular septation, with several common features seen in all affected hearts and variability in atrioventricular valve morphology and interatrial and interventricular communications. Atrioventricular septal defects are among the more common defects encountered by pediatric cardiologists and echocardiographers. Despite advances in understanding, standard two-dimensional echocardiography may not be the optimal method for the morphologic and functional evaluation of this lesion, particularly malformations of the atrioventricular valve(s). In this review, the authors summarize the role of three-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnostic evaluation of atrioventricular septal defects. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:932-44.)