期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
卷 61, 期 9, 页码 1537-1551出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12420
关键词
aging; prognosis; frail older adults; Europe; health status indicators
资金
- European Commission [QLK6-CT-2001-00360]
- Sixth Framework Programme [SHARE-I3, RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE, CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE, CIT4-CT-2006-028812]
- Seventh Framework Programme (SHARE-PREP) [211909, 227822, 261982]
- U.S. National Institute on Aging [U01 AG09740-13S2, P01 AG005842, P01 AG08291, P30 AG12815, R21 AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG BSR06-11,, OGHA 04-064]
- German Ministry of Education and Research
- Interreg [SHARE] Funding Source: Interreg
Objectives To operationalize frailty using eight scales and to compare their content validity, feasibility, prevalence estimates of frailty, and ability to predict all-cause mortality. Design Secondary analysis of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Setting Eleven European countries. Participants Individuals aged 50 to 104 (mean age 65.3 +/- 10.5, 54.8% female, N = 27,527). Measurements Frailty was operationalized using SHARE data based on the Groningen Frailty Indicator, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, a 70-item Frailty Index (FI), a 44-item FI based on a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (FI-CGA), the Clinical Frailty Scale, frailty phenotype (weighted and unweighted versions), the Edmonton Frail Scale, and the FRAIL scale. Results All scales had fewer than 6% of cases with at least one missing item, except the SHARE-frailty phenotype (11.1%) and the SHARE-Tilburg (12.2%). In the SHARE-Groningen, SHARE-Tilburg, SHARE-frailty phenotype, and SHARE-FRAIL scales, death rates were 3 to 5 times as high in excluded cases as in included ones. Frailty prevalence estimates ranged from 6% (SHARE-FRAIL) to 44% (SHARE-Groningen). All scales categorized 2.4% of participants as frail. Of unweighted scales, the SHARE-FI and SHARE-Edmonton scales most accurately predicted mortality at 2 (SHARE-FI area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75-0.79); SHARE-Edmonton AUC = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.74-0.79) and 5 (both AUC = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.74-0.77) years. The continuous score of the weighted SHARE-frailty phenotype (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.75-0.78) predicted 5-year mortality better than the unweighted SHARE-frailty phenotype (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.68-0.71), but the categorical score of the weighted SHARE-frailty phenotype did not (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.68-0.72). Conclusion Substantive differences exist between scales in their content validity, feasibility, and ability to predict all-cause mortality. These frailty scales capture related but distinct groups. Weighting items in frailty scales can improve their predictive ability, but the trade-off between specificity, predictive power, and generalizability requires additional evaluation.
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