期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
卷 136, 期 48, 页码 16865-16870出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ja508279v
关键词
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资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
In-situ liquid cell transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM) experiments are important, as they provide direct insight into processes in liquids, such as solution growth of nanoparticles, among others. In liquid cell TEM/STEM redox reaction experiments, the hydrated electrons e(-)aq created by the electron beam are responsible for the reduction of metal-ion complexes. Here we investigate the rate equation of redox reactions involving reduction by e(aq)(-) generated by the electron beam during in situ liquid TEM/STEM. Specifically we consider the growth of Pd on Au seeds in aqueous solutions containing Pd-chloro complexes. From the quantification of the rate of Pd deposition at different electron beam currents and as a function of distance from a stationary, nanometer-sized exciting beam, we determine that the reaction is first order with respect to the concentration of hydrated electrons, [e(aq)(-)]. By comparing Pd- and Au-deposition, we further demonstrate that measurements of the local deposition rate on nanoparticles in the solution via real-time imaging can be used to measure not only [e(aq)(-)] but also the rate of reduction of a metal-ion complex to zerovalent metal atoms in solution.
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