期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
卷 135, 期 23, 页码 8525-8534出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ja3104632
关键词
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资金
- Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) at Stanford University
- Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001060]
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]
- DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103393]
- National Center for Research Resources [P41RR001209]
- [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique that can be applied to electrochemical systems, with the ability to elucidate the chemical nature of electrocatalysts under reaction conditions. In this study, we perform in situ XAS measurements on a bifunctional manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst with high electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), we find that exposure to an ORR-relevant potential of 0.7 V vs RHE produces a disordered (Mn3O4)-O-II,III,III phase with negligible contributions from other phases. After the potential is increased to a highly anodic value of 1.8 V vs RHE, relevant to the OER, we observe an oxidation of approximately 80% of the catalytic thin film to form a mixed Mn-III,Mn-IV oxide, while the remaining 20% of the film consists of a less oxidized phase, likely corresponding to unchanged (Mn3O4)-O-II,III,III. XAS and electrochemical characterization of two thin film catalysts with different MnOx thicknesses reveals no significant influence of thickness on the measured oxidation states, at either ORR or OER potentials, but demonstrates that the OER activity scales with film thickness. This result suggests that the films have porous structure, which does not restrict electrocatalysis to the top geometric layer of the film. As the portion of the catalyst film that is most likely to be oxidized at the high potentials necessary for the OER is that which is closest to the electrolyte interface, we hypothesize that the Mn-III,Mn-IV oxide, rather than (Mn3O4)-O-II,III,III,is the phase pertinent to the observed OER activity.
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