Oxide Nanotubes on Ti-Ru Alloys: Strongly Enhanced and Stable Photoelectrochemical Activity for Water Splitting

The present work shows a significant enhancement of the photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance of anodic TiO2 nanotube layers grown on low concentration (0.01-0.2 at% Ru) Ti-Ru alloys. Under optimized preparation conditions (0.05 at% Ru, 450 degrees C annealing) the water splitting rate of the oxide tubes could be 6-fold increased. Moreover, the beneficial effect is very stable with illumination time; this is in contrast to other typical doping approaches of TiO2.