期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
卷 67, 期 2, 页码 289-+出版社
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.11.938
关键词
angiogenesis inhibitors; epidermal cooling; hypobaric pressure; immunomodulators; photodynamic therapy; pulsed dye laser; site-specific pharmaco-laser therapy; superficial vascular and capillary malformations
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HD042057, AR51443, HD065536]
- American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery
- Graceway Pharmaceuticals
Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (selective photothermolysis) currently comprises the gold standard treatment of PWS; however, the majority of PWS fail to clear completely after selective photothermolysis. In this review, the clinically used PWS treatment modalities (pulsed dye lasers, alexandrite lasers, neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers, and intense pulsed light) and techniques (combination approaches, multiple passes, and epidermal cooling) are discussed. Retrospective analysis of clinical studies published between 1990 and 2011 was performed to determine therapeutic efficacies for each clinically used modality/technique. In addition, factors that have resulted in the high degree of therapeutic recalcitrance are identified, and emerging experimental treatment strategies are addressed, including the use of photodynamic therapy, immunomodulators, angiogenesis inhibitors, hypobaric pressure, and site-specific pharmaco-laser therapy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67: 289-304.)
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