期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
卷 52, 期 3, 页码 300-308出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.011
关键词
ASD; high-risk siblings; outcome; broad autism phenotype
资金
- Autism Speaks
- National Institutes Of Health (NIH) [MH068398, NIH DC10290, NIH HD047417, NIH HD057284, NIH HD042541, HD052804, HD54979, NIH U54-MH066417, MH059630, NIH U54-MH068172, NIH HD043292]
- United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation [94-66/3, 97-00073]
- Canadian Institute for Health Research [62924, 102665]
- UK Medical Research Council
- European Science Foundation
- Autistica
- Research Autism
- Autism Education Trust
- NIH
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Objective: First-degree relatives of persons with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk for ASD-related characteristics. As little is known about the early expression of these characteristics, this study characterizes the non-ASD outcomes of 3-year-old high-risk (HR) siblings of children with ASD. Method: Two groups of children without ASD participated: 507 HR siblings and 324 low-risk (LR) control subjects (no known relatives with ASD). Children were enrolled at a mean age of 8 months, and outcomes were assessed at 3 years. Outcome measures were Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) calibrated severity scores, and Mullen Verbal and Non-Verbal Developmental Quotients (DQ). Results: At 3 years, HR siblings without an ASD outcome exhibited higher mean ADOS severity scores and lower verbal and non-verbal DQs than LR controls. HR siblings were over-represented (21% HR versus 7% LR) in latent classes characterized by elevated ADOS severity and/or low to low-average DQs. The remaining HR siblings without ASD outcomes (79%) belonged to classes in which they were not differentially represented with respect to LR siblings. Conclusions: Having removed a previously identified 18.7% of HR siblings with ASD outcomes from all analyses, HR siblings nevertheless exhibited higher mean levels of ASD severity and lower levels of developmental functioning than LR children. However, the latent class membership of four-fifths of the HR siblings was not significantly different from that of LR control subjects. One-fifth of HR siblings belonged to classes characterized by higher ASD severity and/or lower levels of developmental functioning. This empirically derived characterization of an early-emerging pattern of difficulties in a minority of 3-year-old HR siblings suggests the importance of developmental surveillance and early intervention for these children. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry; 2013;52(3):300-308.
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