期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
卷 49, 期 11, 页码 1155-1164出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.008
关键词
Tourette syndrome; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; neuropsychological functioning; response inhibition; visual motor skills
资金
- Obsessive Compulsive Foundation
- Shire and Seaside Therapeutics
- Tourette Syndrome Association Center for Disease
- Tourette Syndrome Association
- [MH079130]
- [MH30929]
- [MH076273]
Objective: Neuropsychological functioning in children with Tourette syndrome (TS) has been characterized by subtle deficits in response inhibition, visual motor integration, and fine-motor coordination. The association of these deficits with the tics of the TS versus co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been well understood because of small sample sizes and lack of adequate control conditions. We examined neuropsychological functioning in relatively large and well-characterized samples of children categorized as TS, TS-plus-ADHD, ADHD, and unaffected controls. Method: A total of 56 children with TS-only, 45 with TS-plus-ADHD, 64 with ADHD, and 71 healthy community control subjects were assessed on a battery of neuropsychological measures including the Connors' Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop), the Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test (VMI), and the Purdue Pegboard Test. Results: There were no differences between children with TS-only and unaffected controls on the measures of response inhibition and visual motor integration. Boys with TS-only but not girls with TS-only were impaired in the dominant hand Purdue performance. Children with ADHD were impaired on all study measures. Children with TS-plus-ADHD revealed no deficits on the Stroop, VMI, and Purdue tests but were impaired on the sustained attention portion of the CPT. Conclusions: These results indicate that co-occurring ADHD may be responsible for the neuropsychological deficits, or at least those assessed in the present study, in children with TS. Explanations in terms of neurobiological mechanisms of co-occurring TS and ADHD, as well as possible compensatory mechanisms in children with TS, are discussed. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(11)1155-1164.
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