期刊
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 503-525出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2014.926403
关键词
phylogeny; anatomy; stem Marsupialia; palaeoecology; South America; Cenozoic
资金
- PICT [2010-1805, 2011-0309]
- PIP [1723 CONICET]
- IPA-P.1, Fundacion Miguel Lillo
An almost complete skull of Australohyaena antiqua (Ameghino), from the Late Oligocene (Deseadan SALMA) of Cabeza Blanca, Chubut Province, Argentina is described and analysed. For more than a century, this species was represented by isolated teeth. The genus Australohyaena gen. nov. is proposed based on a phylogenetic reconstruction that demonstrates that A. antiqua is a Borhyaenidae (Mammalia, Sparassodonta), grouped with Arctodictis and Borhyaena, but not with Pharsophorus lacerans, the genus to which antiqua was formerly assigned. A. antiqua is recognized by several features on the skull, dentary and dentition. In addition, a short snout, large canines, deep jaw, reduced protocone and talonid determine A. antiqua as hypercarnivorous. A vaulted skull, well-developed temporal fossa and little difference on the jaw depth at p3 and m4, are suggestive of bone-cracker specializations. A. antiqua is within the largest Deseadan sparassodonts with a body mass of about 70kg. Homoplasies are detected within borhyaenoids on lower molar cusps. The metaconid is lost within Sparassodonta, although Pharsophorus and borhyaenids retained the metaconid on m2-m4 or m2-m3. [GRAPHICS]
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