期刊
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
卷 57, 期 11, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/57/11/113001
关键词
laser-plasmas; particle-in-cell; numerical
资金
- UK EPSRC [EP/G054950/1, EP/G056803/1, EP/G055165/1, EP/M022463/1]
- EPSRC [EP/M022463/1, EP/G066752/1, EP/G055165/1, EP/G056803/1, EP/G054940/1, EP/L000237/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G055165/1, EP/L000237/1, EP/G066752/1, EP/G056803/1, EP/G054940/1, EP/M022463/1] Funding Source: researchfish
Particle-in-cell (PIC) methods have a long history in the study of laser-plasma interactions. Early electromagnetic codes used the Yee staggered grid for field variables combined with a leapfrog EM-field update and the Boris algorithm for particle pushing. The general properties of such schemes are well documented. Modern PIC codes tend to add to these high-order shape functions for particles, Poisson preserving field updates, collisions, ionisation, a hybrid scheme for solid density and high-field QED effects. In addition to these physics packages, the increase in computing power now allows simulations with real mass ratios, full 3D dynamics and multi-speckle interaction. This paper presents a review of the core algorithms used in current laser-plasma specific PIC codes. Also reported are estimates of self-heating rates, convergence of collisional routines and test of ionisation models which are not readily available elsewhere. Having reviewed the status of PIC algorithms we present a summary of recent applications of such codes in laser-plasma physics, concentrating on SRS, short-pulse laser-solid interactions, fast-electron transport, and QED effects.
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