The Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback Treatment in Improving Upper Extremity Functioning of Patients with Hemiplegic Stroke

This study evaluated the effect of electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) treatment on wrist flexor muscle spasticity, upper extremity motor function, and ability to perform activities of daily living in patients with hemiplegia following stroke. A total of 40 patients were enrolled and were randomly assigned to two groups: a group treated with EMG-BF (study group) and a untreated (control) group. Both groups participated in a hemiplegia rehabilitation program consisting of neurodevelopmental and conventional methods and verbal encouragement to relax spastic wrist flexor muscles. In addition, the study group received 3 weeks of EMG-BF treatment, 5 times a week, for 20 minutes per session at hemiplegic side wrist flexors. Clinical findings were assessed before and after rehabilitation using the Ashworth scale (AS), Brunnstrom's stage (BS) of recovery for hemiplegic arm and hand, the upper extremity function test (UEFT), the wrist and hand portion of the Fugl-Meyer scale (FMS), goniometric measurements of wrist extension, surface EMG potentials, and the Barthel Index (BI). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, systemic disease, and the etiology, side, and duration of hemiplegia. There also was no statistically significant difference in the pretreatment values between two groups. We found statistically significant improvements posttreatment in the AS, BS, UEFT, goniometric measurements of wrist extension, and surface EMG potentials in the study group. We also noted statistically significant differences in the wrist and hand portion of the FMS and the BI in both groups, but with significantly greater improvements in the study group. Our findings indicate a positive effect of EMG-BF treatment in conjunction with neurodevelopmental and conventional methods in hemiplegia rehabilitation.