Laboratory assessment of insecticidal effectiveness of natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth formulations against three stored-product beetle pests

The insecticidal effectiveness of two natural zeolite formulations (Minazel plus and Minazel), applied to wheat at selected rates of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g/kg, and a diatomaceous earth formulation (DE) (Protect-It (TM)), applied at the recommended rates of 0.15 g/kg for Sitophilus oryzae, 0.20 g/kg for Rhyzopertha dominica and 0.30 g/kg for Tribolium castaneum, were tested under laboratory conditions (24 +/- 1 degrees C temperature and 45 +/- 5% relative humidity). The highest adult mortality was observed after the longest exposure period of 21 days and 7 days of recovery, when all three zeolite dosage rates and the recommended DE dosage caused 97-100% mortality of S. oryzae and 94-100% of T. castaneum. On the other hand, 100% mortality was not achieved in any test variant involving R. dominica; the highest (about 92%) was detected for DE, while 52% and 79% mortality was achieved with the zeolites at the highest rate of 0.75 g/kg. Progeny reduction by >90% was achieved after 21 days of contact of all three beetle pests with DE-treated wheat, while the same level of reduction was achieved for S. oryzae and T. castaenum only after contact with the highest rate of the zeolite product, Minazel. Thus the two zeolite formulations are comparable to diatomaceous earth in controlling adult S. oryzae. R. dominica and T. castaneum, but only the Minazel formulation could effectively protect wheat from attack by S. oryzae or T. castaneum, and only with a higher rate of application than for the DE formulation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.