期刊
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
卷 -, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2012/10/L10001
关键词
fluctuations (theory); stochastic processes (theory); large deviations in non-equilibrium systems
We study the probability of arbitrary density profiles in conserving diffusive fields which are driven by the boundaries. We demonstrate the existence of singularities in the large-deviation functional, the direct analog of the free-energy in non-equilibrium systems. These singularities are unique to non-equilibrium systems and are a direct consequence of the breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The singular behavior is shown in an exactly solvable model and also in numerical simulations on a boundary-driven Ising model. We argue that this is expected to occur in models where the compressibility has a deep minimum. The mechanism is explained using a simple model.
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