期刊
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
卷 29, 期 3, 页码 235-245出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.531752
关键词
Controllability; stability; mediation; moderation
In two experiments, we manipulated the controllability and stability of causes of failure and explored the impact of these factors on self-efficacy and performance. In Experiment 1, participants (N=80; mean age 20.0 years, s=1.0) were provided with false negative feedback following performance on a blindfolded dart-throwing task. Consistent with theory and recent research, an induced belief that failure was beyond control and unlikely to change led to lower self-efficacy and poorer performance (all F1,755.49, all P0.05, all 2=0.01). A second experiment (N=80; mean age 22.0 years, s=2.1) demonstrated that following an induced belief that failure was beyond control and unlikely to change, only new perceptions that a repeated failure was within one's control and likely to change resulted in higher self-efficacy and improved performance (all F1,754.53, all P0.05, all 20.004). All effects were mediated by self-efficacy: Sobel's (1982) test, all z1.97 (in absolute magnitude), all P0.05, all r0.22 (in absolute magnitude). These findings suggest that in novel circumstances individuals believe in the best for themselves unless possibilities to self-enhance are explicitly precluded, and only reinvest efforts when opportunities for self-enhancement become clearly admissible.
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