Long-term solutions of Macdonald's model for pedestrian-induced lateral forces

Solutions are presented to Macdonald's model for the lateral forces exerted by a walker on a harmonically moving platform. The model is extended to include a more general foot placement control law, and additional solutions are presented for the case when platform and walking frequencies are equal. The solutions are compared with the published results of full-scale crowd tests and of laboratory experiments with single walkers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.