Serum PSA as a Predictor of Testosterone Deficiency

Introduction The relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone (T) levels is still controversial. According to the saturation hypothesis, a significant relationship is apparent only in the low T range. AimTo verify whether, in a large sample of male subjects seeking medical care for sexual dysfunction (SD), PSA might represent a reliable marker of T levels. MethodsA consecutive series of 3,156 patients attending our unit for SD was studied. Among them, only subjects without history of prostate disease and with PSA levels <4ng/mL (N=2,967) were analyzed. Main Outcome MeasuresSeveral hormonal and biochemical parameters were studied, along with structured interview on erectile dysfunction (SIEDY), ANDROTEST, and PsychoANDROTEST. ResultsReceiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting severe hypogonadism (T<8nmol/L) showed an accuracy of PSA=0.6120.022 (P<0.0001), with the best sensitivity and specificity at PSA<0.65ng/mL (65.2% and 55.5%, respectively). In the entire cohort, 254 subjects (8.6%) showed T<8nmol/L and, among them, more than half (N=141, 4.8%) had PSA<0.65ng/mL. After adjusting for age, low PSA was associated with hypogonadism-related features (i.e., delayed puberty, lower testis volume) and associated conditions, such as metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio [HR]=1.506 [1.241-1.827]; P<0.0001), type 2 diabetes (HR=2.044 [1.675-2.494]; P<0.0001), and cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.275 [1.006-1.617]; P=0.045). Furthermore, low PSA was associated with impaired sex- and sleep-related erections. The association between low PSA and hypogonadal symptoms and signs as well as with metabolic syndrome was retained even after adjusting for T levels. Sensitivity and positive predictive values of low PSA increased, whereas specificity and negative predictive value decreased as a function of age. Conclusions PSA is a marker of T concentrations and it may represent a new tool in confirming hypogonadism. The determination of PSA levels might give insights not only on the circulating levels of total T but also on its active fractions. Rastrelli G, Corona G, Vignozzi L, Maseroli E, Silverii A, Monami M, Mannucci E, Forti G, and Maggi M. Serum PSA as a predictor of testosterone deficiency. J Sex Med 2013;10:2518-2528.