Magnetic solid-phase extraction and ultrafast liquid chromatographic detection of Sudan dyes in red wines, juices, and mature vinegars

A nanocomposite of polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticles was successfully synthesized and employed as adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of four Sudan dyes (I, II III, and IV) in red wines, juices, and mature vinegars. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles with highly hydrophobic properties have excellent adsorption capacity for these lipophilic Sudan dyes. Extraction conditions were optimized. Experimental results showed that the recoveries of the four Sudan dyes were very satisfactory when 70 mg of polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used and the extraction could be completed within 20 min. It was proved that these magnetic nanoparticles can be reused after an easy washing process. By coupling the magnetic solid-phase extraction with ultrafast liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrometry, a rapid, green, effective, and sensitive method for the determination of Sudan dyes was developed. The LOD for Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, and Sudan IV were 0.0039, 0.0063, 0.0057, and 0.017 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries obtained by analyzing spiked water samples at three concentration levels (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 ng/mL) were between 76.3 and 96.6%. The intra- and interday RSDs for the analytes were lower than 9.6%.