Complementarity of analytical tools in biomonitoring studies

Four analytical techniques-instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDXRF), and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE)-were evaluated in the context of air pollution biomonitoring studies. Three combinations INAA/ICP-MS, ICP-MS/PIXE and ICP-MS/SEM-EDXRF are illustrated by experimental results.