期刊
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
卷 105, 期 -, 页码 33-44出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.015
关键词
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); Meta-analysis; Major depressive disorder; Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); Glutamate; Anterior cingulate cortex
类别
资金
- Royal Society of New Zealand Rutherford Discovery Fellowship
Dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems have increasingly been implicated in the aetiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). It has been proposed that alterations in GABA and/or glutamate result in an imbalance of inhibition and excitation. In a review of the current literature, we identified studies using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to examine the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, and the composite glutamate/glutamine measure GIx in patients diagnosed with MDD and healthy controls. Results showed patients with MDD had significantly lower GABA levels compared to controls (-0.35 p = 0.007). No significant difference was found between levels of glutamate. Sub-analyses were performed, including only studies where the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) was the region of interest. GABA and Glx levels were lower in the ACC of MDD patients (0.56 [-0.93,-0.18] p = 0.004, and 0.40 [-0.81,0.01] p = 0.05). This review indicates widespread cortical reduction of GABA in MDD, with a trend towards a localised reduction of GIx in the ACC. However, given both GABA and glutamate appear decreased a simple interpretation in terms of an imbalance of overall excitation-inhibition is not feasible.
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