An examination of the relation between conduct disorder, childhood and adulthood traumatic events, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a nationally representative sample

Background: Clinical data has indicated that exposure to trauma and meeting diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)are common among individuals with a history of conduct disorder. However, these relationships have not been adequately examined in a population-based sample. Methods: Data were drawn from Wave 2 of the U.S. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) collected in 2004-2005 (n = 34,653, response rate = 86.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine relations between conduct disorder, traumatic life events, and PTSD in the full sample, and separately for males and females. Results: The main findings indicate that childhood maltreatment was associated with conduct disorder (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] ranging from 2.4 to 4.7) after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Additionally, respondents with a history of conduct disorder compared to respondents without conduct disorder were more likely to report experiencing any traumatic event (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.0-3.6) and PTSD (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.8-2.7) after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Although sex differences were noted, conduct disorder was associated with the greatest odds of assaultive violence for males and females. The majority of individuals (72.9%) diagnosed with both conduct disorder and PTSD developed conduct disorder symptoms before PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Results of this study provide the first known sex-stratified examination of the relationship between conduct disorder, traumatic events, and PTSD in a large, population-based sample of adults and are consistent with clinical impressions. Policy and clinical implications are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.