The role of carbon incorporation in SnO2 nanoparticles for Li rechargeable batteries

Since carbothermal reduction of SnO2 occurs above 600 degrees C, carbon-coating experiments using various polymer precursors have been carried out at relatively low temperatures (similar to 500 degrees C). It is not likely, however, that the carbon synthesized at similar to 500 degrees C much enhances the conductivity of SnO2 anodes, because polymer precursors have undergone insufficient carbonization. This article confirms that the main role of carbon coating is sustaining the domain of each Sn nanoparticle by preventing its aggregation, and thereby improving the cycling performance of SnO2 nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy after cycling showing well dispersed Sn nanoparticles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealing larger charge-transfer resistances with increasing carbon contents are in line with these interpretations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.