Catalyst-free growth of large scale nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline medium

Nitrogen-doped carbon spheres (NCS) are synthesized by directly pyrolyzing a nebulized solution of xylene and ethylenediamine via a spray pyrolysis method, without using a catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirm that the NCS only contain C, N and O. The electrocatalytic performances show that the NCS exhibit a high catalytic activity, long-term stability, and an excellent methanol tolerance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. This study successfully develops a new non-precious metal catalyst, which exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic performance; using a simple, cost-effective and scalable method. It also provides an increased fundamental understanding in the origins of ORR activity enhancements using N-doped carbon materials. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.