期刊
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
卷 195, 期 8, 页码 2385-2392出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.010
关键词
A123 systems; Li-ion battery; Vehicle-to-grid; Battery degradation; PHEV; LiFePO4; Vehicle battery testing profile
资金
- National Energy Technology Laboratory of the Department of Energy
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Electric Power Research Institute
- U.S. National Science Foundation through the Climate Decision Making Center at Carnegie Mellon University [SES-0345798]
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [949710] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The effects of combined driving and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) usage on the lifetime performance of relevant commercial Li-ion cells were studied. We derived a nominal realistic driving schedule based on aggregating driving survey data and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and used a vehicle physics model to create a daily battery duty cycle. Different degrees of continuous discharge were imposed on the cells to mimic afternoon V2G use to displace grid electricity. The loss of battery capacity was quantified as a function of driving days as well as a function of integrated capacity and energy processed by the cells. The cells tested showed promising capacity fade performance: more than 95% of the original cell capacity remains after thousands of driving days worth of use. Statistical analyses indicate that rapid vehicle motive cycling degraded the cells more than slower, V2G galvanostatic cycling. These data are intended to inform an economic model. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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