Size effect investigation on battery performance: Comparison between micro- and nano-particles of beta-Ni(OH)(2) as nickel battery cathode material

In this work we report on the comparison between nano- and micro-particles of beta-Ni(OH)(2) as cathode material of Ni battery. The synthesis of nano- and micro-particles of nickel hydroxide is done by two different procedures: sonication process and stirrer. Nano-particles of beta-Ni(OH)(2) are synthesized by chemical precipitation from a solution containing NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O and surfactant under ultrasonic irradiation. Microparticles of beta-Ni(OH)(2) are synthesized by a similar procedure while applying magnetic stirring instead of ultrasonic. The products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Under the optimized conditions nickel hydroxide nano-particles, with an average particle size of 18 nm, are obtained. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies show a pair of well-defined peaks for Ni(OH)(2)/NiOOH redox reaction, along with faster proton diffusion coefficient and higher oxygen evolution potential for nano-particles of nickel hydroxide compared to that of micro-particles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies of Ni(OH)(2) electrodes show that the reaction occurring at the nickel hydroxide is controlled by charge transfer and Warburg diffusion. The beta-Ni(OH)(2) nano-particles are found to exhibit a superior cycling reversibility and improved capacity when they are used as positive electrode materials of alkaline rechargeable batteries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.