Thermally activated (thermal) battery technology - Part IV. Anode materials

In this paper, the history of anode materials developed for use in thermally activated (thermal) batteries is presented. The chemistries (phases) and electrochemical characteristics (discharge mechanisms) of these materials are described, along with general thermodynamic properties, where available. This paper is the last of a five-part series that presents a general review of thermal-battery technology. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.