期刊
JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY
卷 158, 期 7-8, 页码 527-535出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01653.x
关键词
Fusarium spp; mycotoxins; wheat; aflatoxin; deoxynivalenol; enniatins; ochratoxin
资金
- Cees Waalwijk, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands
Mycotoxin contamination of wheat kernels and diversity of fungal pathogens were monitored in a survey of 26 fields in Nakuru district, Kenya, in 2006. Sampling was performed twice; at mid-anthesis in July for leaves, stems and spikelets and at harvest in September for spikelets and kernels. Kernels were analysed for the occurrence of 32 mycotoxins using a high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method. Fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized tissues and differentiated morphologically to the genus level. Fusarium isolates were identified based on the sequence of translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene. Eleven Fusarium-related mycotoxins were quantified with deoxynivalenol being detected at highest frequency (69%) and highest concentrations. Occurrence of enniatins in wheat (50%) is reported for the first time in Kenya. Non-Fusarium mycotoxins detected included aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. Prevalence of Fusarium species on different wheat parts was 100% at both growth stages. Nineteen Fusarium species were identified with seven species -Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium boothi, Fusarium poae, Fusarium scirpi, Fusarium arthrosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum- accounting for 80% of infections. At anthesis, spikelets and leaves were the most and least susceptible tissue, respectively. At harvest, infection of spikelets was 59% higher than that of kernels.
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